Scheduled Caste Population in India (2025): State Wise Data

Quick Overview of Scheduled Caste Population – Census 2025/2011

  • Scheduled Castes (SC) comprised about 16.6% of India's population in Census 2011, with projections for 2021 expected at about 17%.
  • SCs form 18.5% of rural and 12.6% of urban populations.
  • Total SC population in 2011: 201,378,372 (~20 crore), including 103,535,314 males and 97,843,058 females.
  • Highest SC populations: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra.
  • No SC population in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep (by notification).

Historic Growth Trend of Scheduled Castes

Census Year SC Population % of Total Population Decadal Growth (%)
195151,340,00014.4%—
196164,410,00014.7%+25.5
197180,000,00014.6%+24.2
1981104,750,00015.8%+30.9
1991138,220,00016.5%+32.0
2001166,630,00016.2%+20.6
2011201,378,37216.6%+20.8

Full State/UT-wise Scheduled Caste Population – Census 2011

State/UT SC Population Males Females Households SC % of State SC Literacy (%) Sex Ratio Child (0-6) %
Uttar Pradesh41,357,60821,676,97519,680,6337,375,43720.7%60.8990816.81
West Bengal21,463,27011,003,30410,459,9664,861,30323.5%69.4395111.91
Tamil Nadu14,438,4457,204,6877,233,7583,591,95319.0%73.26100411.02
Andhra Pradesh13,878,0786,913,0476,965,0313,429,97316.7%62.28100811.17
Bihar16,567,3258,606,2537,961,0723,073,10915.9%48.6592521.02
Maharashtra13,275,8986,767,7596,508,1392,898,24511.8%79.6696212.20
Madhya Pradesh11,342,3205,908,6385,433,6822,402,34215.6%66.1692015.51
Rajasthan12,221,5936,355,5645,866,0292,279,36617.8%59.7592316.60
Karnataka10,474,9925,264,5455,210,4472,178,50117.1%65.3399012.97
Punjab8,860,1794,639,8754,220,3041,717,88831.9%64.8191012.80
Orissa7,188,4633,617,8083,570,6551,669,78717.1%69.0298713.26
Haryana5,113,6152,709,6562,403,959992,09620.2%66.8588714.87
Gujarat4,074,4472,110,3311,964,116817,2816.7%79.1893112.13
Jharkhand3,985,6442,043,4581,942,186753,64412.1%55.8995018.29
Chhattisgarh3,274,2691,641,7381,632,531749,45712.8%70.7699415.47
Kerala3,039,5731,477,8081,561,765725,5829.1%88.7310579.43
Delhi2,812,3091,488,8001,323,509527,30716.7%78.8988912.79
Assam2,231,3211,145,3141,086,007468,5687.2%76.9994813.29
Uttarakhand1,892,516968,586923,930363,30518.8%74.4195415.20
Himachal Pradesh1,729,252876,300852,952358,21225.2%78.9297312.54
Jammu & Kashmir924,991486,232438,759183,0207.3%70.1690213.70
Tripura654,918334,370320,548154,11217.8%89.4595911.77
Puducherry196,32595,512100,81345,40915.7%77.90105611.71
Chandigarh199,086106,35692,73040,69418.9%76.4587213.32
Manipur97,32848,86348,46520,3493.4%76.0999212.92
Sikkim28,27514,45413,8215,9304.6%77.5495612.44
Goa25,44912,62712,8225,5451.7%83.73101510.44
Meghalaya17,3559,1578,1983,5330.6%68.5789513.66
Dadra & Nagar Haveli6,1863,3392,8471,3531.8%89.4285312.42
Daman & Diu6,1243,1512,9731,2882.5%92.569449.98
Mizoram1,2188074112740.1%92.435099.93
Arunachal Pradesh--------
Nagaland--------
Lakshadweep--------
Andaman & Nicobar Islands--------

State/UT-wise Scheduled Caste Population in India – Census 2011 (Mobile Friendly Format)

Uttar Pradesh

SC Population41,357,608
Males21,676,975
Females19,680,633
Households7,375,437
SC % of State20.7%
SC Literacy (%)60.89
Sex Ratio908
Child (0–6) %16.81

West Bengal

SC Population21,463,270
Males11,003,304
Females10,459,966
Households4,861,303
SC % of State23.5%
SC Literacy (%)69.43
Sex Ratio951
Child (0–6) %11.91

Tamil Nadu

SC Population14,438,445
Males7,204,687
Females7,233,758
Households3,591,953
SC % of State19.0%
SC Literacy (%)73.26
Sex Ratio1004
Child (0–6) %11.02

Andhra Pradesh

SC Population13,878,078
Males6,913,047
Females6,965,031
Households3,429,973
SC % of State16.7%
SC Literacy (%)62.28
Sex Ratio1008
Child (0–6) %11.17

Bihar

SC Population16,567,325
Males8,606,253
Females7,961,072
Households3,073,109
SC % of State15.9%
SC Literacy (%)48.65
Sex Ratio925
Child (0–6) %21.02

Maharashtra

SC Population13,275,898
Males6,767,759
Females6,508,139
Households2,898,245
SC % of State11.8%
SC Literacy (%)79.66
Sex Ratio962
Child (0–6) %12.20

Madhya Pradesh

SC Population11,342,320
Males5,908,638
Females5,433,682
Households2,402,342
SC % of State15.6%
SC Literacy (%)66.16
Sex Ratio920
Child (0–6) %15.51

Rajasthan

SC Population12,221,593
Males6,355,564
Females5,866,029
Households2,279,366
SC % of State17.8%
SC Literacy (%)59.75
Sex Ratio923
Child (0–6) %16.60

Karnataka

SC Population10,474,992
Males5,264,545
Females5,210,447
Households2,178,501
SC % of State17.1%
SC Literacy (%)65.33
Sex Ratio990
Child (0–6) %12.97

Punjab

SC Population8,860,179
Males4,639,875
Females4,220,304
Households1,717,888
SC % of State31.9%
SC Literacy (%)64.81
Sex Ratio910
Child (0–6) %12.80

Orissa

SC Population7,188,463
Males3,617,808
Females3,570,655
Households1,669,787
SC % of State17.1%
SC Literacy (%)69.02
Sex Ratio987
Child (0–6) %13.26

Haryana

SC Population5,113,615
Males2,709,656
Females2,403,959
Households992,096
SC % of State20.2%
SC Literacy (%)66.85
Sex Ratio887
Child (0–6) %14.87

Gujarat

SC Population4,074,447
Males2,110,331
Females1,964,116
Households817,281
SC % of State6.7%
SC Literacy (%)79.18
Sex Ratio931
Child (0–6) %12.13

Jharkhand

SC Population3,985,644
Males2,043,458
Females1,942,186
Households753,644
SC % of State12.1%
SC Literacy (%)55.89
Sex Ratio950
Child (0–6) %18.29

Chhattisgarh

SC Population3,274,269
Males1,641,738
Females1,632,531
Households749,457
SC % of State12.8%
SC Literacy (%)70.76
Sex Ratio994
Child (0–6) %15.47

Kerala

SC Population3,039,573
Males1,477,808
Females1,561,765
Households725,582
SC % of State9.1%
SC Literacy (%)88.73
Sex Ratio1057
Child (0–6) %9.43

Delhi

SC Population2,812,309
Males1,488,800
Females1,323,509
Households527,307
SC % of State16.7%
SC Literacy (%)78.89
Sex Ratio889
Child (0–6) %12.79

Assam

SC Population2,231,321
Males1,145,314
Females1,086,007
Households468,568
SC % of State7.2%
SC Literacy (%)76.99
Sex Ratio948
Child (0–6) %13.29

Uttarakhand

SC Population1,892,516
Males968,586
Females923,930
Households363,305
SC % of State18.8%
SC Literacy (%)74.41
Sex Ratio954
Child (0–6) %15.20

Himachal Pradesh

SC Population1,729,252
Males876,300
Females852,952
Households358,212
SC % of State25.2%
SC Literacy (%)78.92
Sex Ratio973
Child (0–6) %12.54

Jammu & Kashmir

SC Population924,991
Males486,232
Females438,759
Households183,020
SC % of State7.3%
SC Literacy (%)70.16
Sex Ratio902
Child (0–6) %13.70

Tripura

SC Population654,918
Males334,370
Females320,548
Households154,112
SC % of State17.8%
SC Literacy (%)89.45
Sex Ratio959
Child (0–6) %11.77

Puducherry

SC Population196,325
Males95,512
Females100,813
Households45,409
SC % of State15.7%
SC Literacy (%)77.90
Sex Ratio1056
Child (0–6) %11.71

Chandigarh

SC Population199,086
Males106,356
Females92,730
Households40,694
SC % of State18.9%
SC Literacy (%)76.45
Sex Ratio872
Child (0–6) %13.32

Manipur

SC Population97,328
Males48,863
Females48,465
Households20,349
SC % of State3.4%
SC Literacy (%)76.09
Sex Ratio992
Child (0–6) %12.92

Sikkim

SC Population28,275
Males14,454
Females13,821
Households5,930
SC % of State4.6%
SC Literacy (%)77.54
Sex Ratio956
Child (0–6) %12.44

Goa

SC Population25,449
Males12,627
Females12,822
Households5,545
SC % of State1.7%
SC Literacy (%)83.73
Sex Ratio1015
Child (0–6) %10.44

Meghalaya

SC Population17,355
Males9,157
Females8,198
Households3,533
SC % of State0.6%
SC Literacy (%)68.57
Sex Ratio895
Child (0–6) %13.66

Dadra & Nagar Haveli

SC Population6,186
Males3,339
Females2,847
Households1,353
SC % of State1.8%
SC Literacy (%)89.42
Sex Ratio853
Child (0–6) %12.42

Daman & Diu

SC Population6,124
Males3,151
Females2,973
Households1,288
SC % of State2.5%
SC Literacy (%)92.56
Sex Ratio944
Child (0–6) %9.98

Mizoram

SC Population1,218
Males807
Females411
Households274
SC % of State0.1%
SC Literacy (%)92.43
Sex Ratio509
Child (0–6) %9.93

Arunachal Pradesh

SC Population-
Males-
Females-
Households-
SC % of State-
SC Literacy (%)-
Sex Ratio-
Child (0–6) %-

Nagaland

SC Population-
Males-
Females-
Households-
SC % of State-
SC Literacy (%)-
Sex Ratio-
Child (0–6) %-

Lakshadweep

SC Population-
Males-
Females-
Households-
SC % of State-
SC Literacy (%)-
Sex Ratio-
Child (0–6) %-

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

SC Population-
Males-
Females-
Households-
SC % of State-
SC Literacy (%)-
Sex Ratio-
Child (0–6) %-

Major Scheduled Castes of India (2011 Census)

Caste Estimated % of All SCs Major States
Chamar ~15% UP, Punjab, Haryana, MP, Bihar
Jatav ~13% UP, Rajasthan, MP
Mahar ~9% Maharashtra, MP, Chhattisgarh
Mala ~7% Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
Madiga ~6% Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka
Dusadh ~5% Bihar, Jharkhand, UP
Paswan ~5% Bihar, Uttar Pradesh
Paraiyar ~4% Tamil Nadu
Pallan ~3% Tamil Nadu
Bhangi ~2% Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab

Sex Ratio & Literacy – Scheduled Castes

  • SC sex ratio: 945 (India average: 943). Child sex ratio (0-6): 933 for SC, 919 national.
  • Highest SC sex ratio states: Kerala (1057), Puducherry (1056), Goa (1015), Arunachal Pradesh (1008), Tamil Nadu (1004).
  • Lowest sex ratio: Mizoram (509).
  • SC literacy: 66.1% (India average: 72.99%). Highest SC literacy: Mizoram (92.4%), Daman & Diu (92.6%). Lowest: Bihar (48.6%).
State/UT SC Literacy (%) SC Sex Ratio
Kerala88.731057
Daman & Diu92.56944
Bihar48.65925
Goa83.731015

Socio-Economic & Policy Highlights

  • SCs benefit from constitutional reservations, targeted development programs, and quotas in education, jobs, and political representation.
  • SCs can only be members of Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism as per notification (per the SC Order Amendment Act, 1990).
  • SCs reside predominantly in rural areas, but urban migration rising rapidly (urban decadal growth: 41.3%, rural: 15.7%).
  • States with maximum SC ratio: Punjab (31.9%), Himachal Pradesh (25.2%), West Bengal (23.5%), UP (20.7%), Haryana (20.2%).
  • States with lowest ratios: Mizoram (0.1%), Meghalaya (0.6%), Goa (1.7%), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1.8%), Daman & Diu (2.5%).

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